The common loon is assessed as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. The chicks are capable of diving underwater when just a few days old, and they fly to their wintering areas before ice forms in the fall. Fed by both parents, the chicks fledge in 70 to 77 days. A single brood is raised each year from a clutch of one or two olive-brown oval eggs with dark brown spots which are incubated for about 28 days by both parents. Both members of a pair build a large nest out of dead marsh grasses and other plants formed into a mound along the vegetated shores of lakes. Loons are monogamous that is, a single female and male often together defend a territory and may breed together for a decade or more. They swallow most of their prey underwater, where it is caught, but some larger items are first brought to the surface. Common loons winter on both coasts of the US as far south as Mexico, and on the Atlantic coast of Europe.Д¬ommon loons eat a variety of animal prey including fish, crustaceans, insect larvae, molluscs, and occasionally aquatic plant life. Small numbers breed on Svalbard and sporadically elsewhere in Arctic Eurasia. During the breeding season, loons live on lakes and other waterways in Canada the northern United States (including Alaska) and southern parts of Greenland and Iceland. The sexes look alike, though males are significantly heavier than females.

Their upperparts are dark brownish-grey with an unclear pattern of squares on the shoulders, and the underparts, lower face, chin, and throat are whitish. Non-breeding adults are brownish with a dark neck and head marked with dark grey-brown.

Breeding adults have a plumage that includes a broad black head and neck with a greenish, purplish, or bluish sheen, blackish or blackish-grey upperparts, and pure white underparts except some black on the undertail coverts and vent. The common loon or great northern diver ( Gavia immer) is a large member of the loon, or diver, family of birds.

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